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# Action Potential Simulation

An action potential is a rapid change in the membrane potential of a cell, resulting from the rapid influx and efflux of ions through specific ion channels. It is characterized by a rapid depolarization of the membrane potential, followed by a repolarization back to the resting potential.

The generation and propagation of action potentials are controlled by ion channels that are selectively permeable to specific ions, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. The opening and closing of these channels is regulated by various factors, including voltage, ligand binding, and mechanical stimuli.

Simulating action potentials involves modeling the conductances of different ion channels and how they contribute to the changes in membrane potential over time. This can be done using mathematical models that describe the dynamics of ion channels and the equations governing ionic currents.

By simulating action potentials based on the conductances of different ion channels, researchers can investigate how changes in the activity of specific channels affect the overall behavior of the cell. This can be useful for understanding how drugs, mutations, and other perturbations affect the electrophysiology of cells, as well as for modeling the behavior of neurons and neural circuits under different conditions.

Simulating action potentials can also be useful for studying the mechanisms underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders, and for developing new therapies for these conditions. By understanding the electrophysiology of cells and how it is affected by various factors, researchers can identify potential targets for drug development and design novel treatments that modulate the activity of specific ion channels.

The first step toward preventing sudden cardiac death is understanding the basic mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias at the level of ion channel currents and the single myocyte action potential (AP), using both experiments and theoretical models (e.g. O'Hara et al 2011).

Cell type:
Pulse interval:

ms,   simulate

pulses

$${dV{}m\over dt} = -{1 \over Cm}*\sum{I}$$
Apply
$I_{1}=I_{Na} *$

Na+ current (Nav1.5)
$I_{2}=I_{to} *$

Transient outward K+ current (Kv4.2/Kv4.3)
$I_{3}=I_{CaL} *$

Ca2+ current through the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2)
$I_{4}=I_{CaNa} *$

Na+ current through the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2)
$I_{5}=I_{CaK} *$

K+ current through the L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2)
$I_{6}=I_{Kr} *$

Rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (HERG)
$I_{7}=I_{Ks} *$

Slow delayed rectifier K+ current (KvLQT1)
$I_{8}=I_{K1} *$

Inward rectifier K+ current (Kir2.1)
$I_{9}=I_{NaCa} *$

Na+/Ca2+ exchange current (NCX1)
$I_{10}=I_{NaK} *$

Na+/K+ ATPase current
$I_{11}=I_{Nab} *$

Na+ background current
$I_{12}=I_{Cab} *$

Ca2+ background current
$I_{13}=I_{Kb} *$

K+ background current (Kv1.5)
$I_{14}=I_{pCa} *$

Sarcolemmal Ca2+ pump current
$I_{15}=I_{stim} *$

Stimulus current

Simulation software is available at ChanPharm.

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